Nuclear power plants could take us one step closer to 'hydrogen economy'

Washington, Mar 26 (ANI): The technology for enabling a " hydrogen economy " could begin commercial production of hydrogen in this decade, says a scientist.

Hydrogen economy refers to an era based on hydrogen fuel that replaces gasoline, diesel and other fossil fuels, easing concerns about foreign oil and air pollution.

Ibrahim Khamis, PhD, who is with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, Austria, described at the 243rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society how heat from existing nuclear plants could be used in the more economical production of hydrogen, with future plants custom-built for hydrogen production.

"There is rapidly growing interest around the world in hydrogen production using nuclear power plants as heat sources," Khamis said.

"Hydrogen production using nuclear energy could reduce dependence on oil for fuelling motor vehicles and the use of coal for generating electricity.

"In doing so, hydrogen could have a beneficial impact on global warming, since burning hydrogen releases only water vapour and no carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas. There is a dramatic reduction in pollution," he said.

Khamis said scientists and economists at IAEA and elsewhere are working intensively to determine how current nuclear power reactors - 435 are operational worldwide - and future nuclear power reactors could be enlisted in hydrogen production.

While most hydrogen is produced naturally, some production comes from a cleaner process called electrolysis, in which an electric current flowing through water splits the H2O molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. This process is more efficient and less expensive if water is first heated to form steam, with the electric current passed through the steam.

Khamis said that nuclear power plants are ideal for hydrogen production because they already produce the heat for changing water into steam and the electricity for breaking the steam down into hydrogen and oxygen.

Experts envision the current generation of nuclear power plants using a low-temperature electrolysis which can take advantage of low electricity prices during the plant's off-peak hours to produce hydrogen. Future plants, designed specifically for hydrogen production, would use a more efficient high-temperature electrolysis process or be coupled to thermochemical processes, which are currently under research and development.

" Nuclear hydrogen from electrolysis of water or steam is a reality now, yet the economics need to be improved," said Khamis.

He also noted that some countries are considering construction of new nuclear plants coupled with high-temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE) stations that would allow them to generate hydrogen gas on a large scale in anticipation of growing economic opportunities. (ANI)